New Approach to Develop Optimized Sunscreens that Enable Cutaneous Vitamin D Formation with Minimal Erythema Risk
نویسندگان
چکیده
Sunscreens protect the skin against erythemal radiation (Eer). But at the same time they reduce the effective radiation dose (EVD) responsible for the formation of previtamin D in the skin. The paper describes a calculation method for optimizing the ratio EVD/Eer behind sunscreens e.g. with SPF 5, 15 and 30 respectively. Taking into account that a majority of people in industrialized countries suffer from a shortage in vitamin D even in summer time, the ratio Evd/Eer is a new and important criterion for the quality of sunscreens. Furthermore the exposure time tvd needed per day for forming the equivalent of the recommended amount of 2000 IU of vitamin D per day for skin type 2 is estimated when sunscreens with different filter compositions are used. In vitro experiments show a significant increase of the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to previtamin D when exposed to artificial solar radiation behind an experimental sunscreen optimized for previtamin D production compared to a commercial sunscreen having the same SPF.
منابع مشابه
Alemtuzumab therapy for leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: diffuse erythema as a positive predictor of complete remission.
original publications assumed theUV-Aenergyexposure from commercial5 nail polish drying devices would fall within the estimated rangedetermined tobepotentially carcinogenic.1,2,4 However, considering the lowUV-Aenergy exposure in an averagemanicurevisit,multiplevisitswouldbe required to reach the threshold for potential DNAdamage.Although the in vivo risk frommultiplemanicure visits remains unt...
متن کاملProtective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet-induced photodamage in human skin.
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin leads to acute inflammatory reactions, such as erythema, sunburn, and chronic reactions, including premature skin aging and skin cancer. AIM In this study, the effects of a topical antioxidant mixture consisting of vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on attenuating the harmful effects of UV irradiation on normal healthy volunteers were st...
متن کاملP98: Vitamin-D Deficiency as a Potential Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by the effects of several genes in combination with environmental factors. This disease is characterized by myelin loss, varying degrees of axonal pathology and inflammatory lesions. It is an important cause of disability in young adults, seen to be more prevalent in the woman, and affects 2.5 million people worldwide. Great efforts ar...
متن کاملIncreased UVA exposures and decreased cutaneous Vitamin D(3) levels may be responsible for the increasing incidence of melanoma.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has been increasing at a steady exponential rate in fair-skinned, indoor workers since before 1940. A paradox exists between indoor and outdoor workers because indoor workers get three to nine times less solar UV (290-400 nm) exposure than outdoor workers get, yet only indoor workers have an increasing incidence of CMM. Thus, another "factor(s)" is/are involve...
متن کاملVitamin D Deficiency is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Background and Objectives: There is convincing evidence that subjects concomitantly affected by type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MeS) are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many metabolic derangements in T2D might be attributed to poor vitamin D status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among vitamin D status, MeS and glycemic status in su...
متن کامل